We do know that the magma comes from partial melting within the upper mantle, probably from depths not too much greater than 100 km. This occurs due to convection currents in the mantle. The denser oceanic plate dives under the lighter continental one, creating a deep ocean trench. At the boundaries were the plates diverge (pull apart) or converge (push together), the crust is weak and fractured allowing the magma to reach Earth's surface forming volcanoes. Divergent plate boundaries (such as rifts and mid-ocean ridges), and ; Convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones) The origin of the magma for hot spots is not well known. The earthquakes at a conservative plate boundary can be very destructive as they occur close to the Earth's surface. Destructive plate margins are where a plate of higher density is subducted, or forced underneath, another, less dense plate. There are no volcanoes at a conservative plate boundary. Destructive Plate Boundaries Also known as convergent boundaries or compressional boundaries. Volcanoes also form as magma rises upward from the underlying mantle along the gap between the two plates. That’s where all the action is…these are the area where the most movement takes place and, hence, movement=earthquake. An oceanic plate and continental plate move towards each other. You can also get earthquakes a long way away from plate boundaries, actually still associated with them.So, in India, where you're creating the Himalayas and These cause violent volcanoes and earthquakes, as well as deep-ocean trenches and fold mountains. Dave Ansell considered this question...Dave - Yes, Washington DC is nowhere near a plate boundary. The plates are in constant motion, but every now and then, there will be a sudden shift instead of a slow slide. Causing the Earth's surface to crack the closer you are to the plate boundaries the more pressure you get do too more force which is an earthquake. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur because of the movement of the plates, especially as plates interact at their edges or boundaries.
There's a variety of things and, basically, anything which can apply large forces to the plates can cause earthquakes.
Earthquakes happen when rock below the Earth's surface move. Why do so many of Earth's volcanoes occur along plate boundaries? At diverging plate boundaries, earthquakes occur as the plates pull away from each other. Why do volcanoes and earthquakes occur at destructive plate margins?
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